X-10 Home Automation
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X-10 systems use a combination of radio and infra red transmitters (1) which communicate either directly with your TV, Video, Stereo, etc. using infra red or with plug-in socket adapters (3) which are "plugged" in between your 220 volt wall socket and the device that you intend to control from your X-10 remote, see attached example---->
The plugged in module picks up your command via the radio receiver (2).
   
1 : When you press a button on an X-10 Wireless Remote a command is transmitted to the transceiver module (2). This command includes the house code and the unit code of the module to control, as well as the command such as ON, OFF or DIM, BRIGHT.

2 : After receiving the command, the transceiver module passes it over the house wiring using X-10's patented powerline signaling system.

3 : Lamp or appliance modules(3) with the same unit code and house code as the message, turn on/off, dim or brighten according to the message received.

4 : To control more devices in the home, simply install more lamp or appliance modules as required, set the individual or group unit and house code, plug the devices to be controlled into the new lamp or appliance modules, press the corresponding buttons on the X-10 Wireless Remote for example to turn on lamp module number 2 you would follow this sequence:
a: Press the "X-10" button once, (you are now in Automation mode)
b: Press button 2 once ( this transmits wireless signal to module 2)
c: Press the "channel +" button once (this transmits the "on" command)
d: The lamp which you plugged into module 2 now turns on, you can now dim the lamp by pressing or pulsing the "volume -" key a number of times or brighten by pulsing the "volume +" key.
Having set the dim level now its time to turn on the TV, video or stereo.
To control your TV simply press the "TV" button and now your remote becomes a TV remote. The same goes for controlling your video or stereo, simply press the mode button first.
Starting with Home Kit 1, you are well on the way to having Sofa control of your house!