
Svaren är huvudsakligen hämtade ur den engelska översättningen av
Luthers egen utökade upplaga av Stora Katekesen 1529, som tyvärr fattas i
några utgåvor av Lutherska kyrkans bekännelseskrifter inklusivt SKB (Sv
översättning efterlyses!):
Answer(LC):
When I urge you to go to confession, I am simply urging you to be a Christian. If I bring you to this point, I have also brought you to confession.
We approve of no coercion. Concerning confession, we have always taught that it should be voluntary....We may confess without coercion or fear, and we are released from the torture of enumerating all sins in detail (For it is impossible, according to Psalm 19:12,"Who can discern his errors?" ACp.92). Moreover, we have the advantage of knowing how to use confession beneficially for the comforting and strengthening of our conscience.
In addition to the confession which we are discussing here there are two other kinds, which have an even greater right to be called the Christians' common confession: the practice of confessing to God alone or to our neighbor alone, begging for forgiveness.
By divine ordinance Christ himself has entrusted absolution to his
Christian church and commanded us to absolve one another from sins
(Matt:18:15-19;John 20:23).If there is a heart that feels its sin and
desires consolation, it has here a sure refuge when it hears in God's Word
that through a minister God looses and absolves from sins.
(Den förlorade sonens
ankomst av Eva Spångberg
Bikten består av två stycken,
för det första att man bekänner synden,
för det andra att man tar emot avlösning eller förlåtelse av själasörjaren
såsom av Gud själv
och då inte tvivlar därpå utan fullt och fast tror, att synderna därigenom
är förlåtna inför Gud i himlen.
Vilka synder skall man då bikta?
Svar:
Inför Gud skall man erkänna sig skyldig till alla synder, även dem
man inte vet om, såsom vi gör i Fader vår.
Men inför själsörjaren skall man endast bekänna de synder man vet om och
känner i hjärtat.
Vilka är de?
Svar:
Pröva då din ställning efter tio Guds bud, om du är en fader,
moder, son, dotter, överordnad eller anställd, lärare eller lärjunge;
om du varit olydig, otrogen, lat, försumlig, häftig,oärlig, otuktig,
ovänlig, avundsjuk, om du sårat någon med ord eller gärningar, stulit,
varit slarvig och vårdslös i ditt arbete och vållat någon skada eller
förlust.
A. Confession has two parts:
A. When speaking to God, we should plead guilty to all sins, even those we don't know about, just as we do in the Lord's Prayer. But when speaking to the confessor, we should confess only the sins we know about, and which trouble us in our heart and mind.
Q. Which are these?
A.We can reflect on our everyday life according to the Ten Commandments, for example, how we act toward father or mother, son or daughter, husband or wife, or toward the people with whom we work, and so on. We may ask ourselves: Have you been disobedient, unfaithful, lazy, bad-tempered or dishonest, or have you hurt anyone with your words or actions? Have you stolen, neglected your duty, wasted anything, or injured someone?
Var vänlig tala om för mig hur jag skall bikta! (How might we confess our sins privately?)
Svar:
(Luthers Katekes lade fram ett förslag för ett enkelt sätt för personlig syndabekännelsen, men här ersätter Webmaster Luthers ordning med Sv Psalmbokens ordning för bikt. Dr. Luther suggested a simple form for personal confession, which is here largely replaced with corresponding parts of the current order for Individual Confession and Forgiveness printed in the Lutheran Book of Worship. The LBW stresses the absolute confidentiality of confession thus: "The confession made by a penitent is protected from disclosure. The pastor is obligated to respect at all times the confidential nature of a confession.")
Efter ett inledande samtal säger prästen:
PRÄST: I Faderns och Sonens och den helige Andes namn.
Prästen ber med egna eller följande ord:
PRÄST Gud, du känner oss bättre än vad vi själva gör. När vi
misslyckas, vill du upprätta oss. Vi kommer nu till dig i tro på ditt löfte
om nåd och förlåtelse.
Prästen kan läsa ett löftesord ur Bibeln.
PRÄST: Så bekänn nu (på dessa löften) din synd inför Gud.
Den biktande ber med egna eller följande ord:
Jag bekänner inför dig, helige Gud, att jag ofta och på många sätt har syndat med tankar, ord och gärningar.
(Särskilt bekänner jag... Förlåt mig min försummelse och tanklöshet.)
Tänk på mig i barmhärtighet och förlåt mig för Jesu Kristi skull vad jag har brutit.
PRÄST: På Jesu Kristi uppdrag säger jag dig:
Dina synder är dig
förlåtna i Faderns och Sonens + och den Helige Andes namn. Amen.
Här kan prästen eller den biktande be en fritt formulerad tackbön för
syndernas förlåtelse. Därefter:
PRÄS: Herren välsigne dig och bevare dig. Herren låte sitt ansikte lysa
över dig och vare dig nådig. Herren vände sitt ansikte till dig och give
dig frid. I Faderns och Sonens + och den
Helige Andes namn. Amen.
Ära vare Fadern och Sonen och den helige Ande. Såsom det var av begynnelsen, nu är och skall vara från evighet till evighet. Amen.Låt oss gå frid, i vår Herres Jesu Kristi namn. Amen.
You may say to the confessor that you wish to make your confession and, according to God's will, receive forgiveness.You may say,"I confess before God that I am guilty of many sins. Especially I confess before you...
The penitent confesses those sins which are known and those which disturb or grieve him/her. If, however, anyone does not feel the conscience is burdened by greater sins, the penitent should not worry, nor search for and invent other sins, for this would turn confession into torture. We should simply mention one or two sins of which we are aware. For example, 'In particular I confess that I once cursed. On one occasion I also spoke indecently. And I neglected this or that, etc.'Let this suffice.
If you have knowledge of no sin at all--which is quite unlikely--you should mention none in particular, but receive forgiveness upon the general confession which you make to God in the presence of the confessor. We may close the confession with the words:"For all this I am sorry and I pray for forgiveness. I want to do better."
The pastor may then engage the penitent in pastoral conversation, offering admonition and comfort from the Holy Scriptures.Then the confessor shall say:
Do you believe that the word of forgiveness I speak to you comes from God? Answer: "Yes, I believe." The pastor pronounces the absolution:"God is merciful and blesses you. By the command of our Lord Jesus Christ, I, a called and ordained servant of the Word, forgive you your sins in the name of the Father, and of the + Son, and of the Holy Spirit....Go in peace.
"Ingen måste!! ALLA FÅR. Somliga borde!"
WEBMASTER'S WEAVINGS (Pastor Joe's personal contribution) re. A
STUBBORN MYTH: Please note that most Protestants mistakenly believe
that the Reformers wanted to do away with private confession. Yet even a
reading of Calvin's Institutes shows how highly the Reformers valued
voluntary personal confession and absolution. A modern Anglican
slogan summarizes the official attitude of the Churches of the Reformation:
"No one must! ALL MAY. Some should!"
Nevertheless, the widespread misconception is accepted
dogmatically by ordinary members of the Church of Sweden. Private
Confession is commonly rejected as "Catholic," despite the inclusion of
orders for Individual Confession in previous and current hymnals (1937
Enskilt Skriftemål, 1986 Bikt) and question 247 in LilKat+ (which has 268
additional questions appended to the shortened version of
Luther's
Catechism):
247 På vilka olika sätt kan skriftemålet ske?
Skriftemålet kan ske
såväl offentligt som enskilt,
och även utan samband med nattvardsgång.
Maybe the false notion is another effect of the policy of restricting easy public access only to abridged versions of the catechism. To this date, despite e-mail feedback, the hymnal's truncated version remains as the Internet Swedish Catechism distributed by Project Runeberg's editions of classic Nordic literature. The Church of Sweden's Cyberspace-INFO HANDBOOK nr.1 remedies this censorship problem by providing this Swedish language adaptation of the International Church of Stockholm's "unofficial" (under construction)homepage.
Perhaps the Swedes may one day learn from their Anglican sister-church or
their daughter-church in the USA. However, not even in the USA is it common
that congregations and pastoral counsellors encourage compliance with the
Lutheran Book of Worship's exhortation: "It is helpful if regular times are
established when the pastor is available in a designated place to hear
individual confessions. Though this service is done in private, it is
part of the exercise of the public ministry of the Church...."
Of course, there are gaps between official, confessional theology and
actual praxis throughout contemporary Christianity and worldwide
Lutheranism.
Another example of this can be seen in the fact that many Lutheran churches are still only in a process of striving towards the offering of opportunities for weekly communion which the Confessions of faith consider self-evident (CA25.34 and Apology 24.1,"celebrated every Sunday and on other festivals, when the sacrament is offered to those who wish for it....").